Cape Buffalo (Syncerus caffer)

Overview
Known as one of Africa’s “Big Five,” the African buffalo is feared for its unpredictable behaviour and sheer power. It’s considered one of the most dangerous animals to hunt on foot.

Quick Facts
Weight: Up to 800 kg (male), 750 kg (female)

Lifespan: Around 23 years

Herd Size: Often hundreds

Diet: Bulk grazer, needs water twice daily

Gestation: 11 months

Habitat: Savannas and woodlands

Appearance
Buffalo are large, ox-like animals with heavy, bossed horns. Males are darker and muddier, with horns that form a helmet-like shield. Females are red-brown with narrower horns. Both sexes look quite similar (dimorphic).

Behaviour & Social Structure
Buffalo live in large, mixed herds led by “pathfinders.” Dominance is established through head-on clashes, with stronger males gaining better access to food and mates. Older males, known as Dagga boys, leave the main herd and are often found alone or in small groups.

Defence & Predators
When threatened, buffalo form a protective circle around calves while stronger members face the threat. They can charge, mob, or stampede predators—often deterring even lions, who instead target weaker, solitary Dagga boys.

Adaptability
Buffalo are always on the move for food and water. They can consume up to 35 liters of water in minutes and are strong swimmers, crossing rivers to reach better grazing areas. Their excellent sense of smell helps detect danger and find food.